Sunday, 29 June 2014

How to Make a Girl Chase You- Unique Tips to Make A Woman Beg To Be Your Girlfriend

How to make a girl chase you- if you have fallen for a woman and are trying to find an answer to this question, this post may be just what you are looking for.

How a woman’s mind works is a mystery to most men. In fact there is no standard answer to the question what attracts a woman and what aspects of the male personality can be used positively to get a woman interested.

If you have fallen for a girl are and interested in making the girl chase you, you must try the following tips to achieve your goal. 



How to Make a Girl Chase You- Unique Tip #1 Make her think about you

To make a girl chase you this is the first thing you should do- make attempts to ensure that she starts thinking about you when you are not around. 

How do you do this?? Simple make yourself appear a little busy. If she asks you out, don’t accept the invitation on the first request itself. Decline the first one with a polite – “shall certainly look forward to your next invite”. 

Alternatively ignore her invite if received by way of a text message. Accept it when you get it for the second time. 

See during the period in between the two text messages your girl sent you, she will keep wondering about you- whether you will say a yes or a no. Should she actually approach you the second time etc etc. If you manage to pull this trick off perfectly she is bound to think more and more about you!

How to Make a Girl Chase You- Unique Tip #2 Pay attention to your girl

Women love men who pay them attention. Say things which will make a positive impact your girl emotionally. 

For example tell her how you thought she would have really enjoyed the trek you went out for the previous day. 

Or mention that she was the subject of conversation at your family dinner yesterday. When you say such things she will get the impression that you are interested in her. She will want to hear more about “you and her” – trust me this will drive her crazy and you can make her beg to be your girlfriend eventually.

How to Make a Girl Chase You- Unique Tip #3 Practice the saying “absence makes the heart grow fonder”

This is one saying which works wonders in the man woman relationship. When a man hangs around his girl all the time or calls back his girl without waiting the sense of anticipation which the girl will experience otherwise is lost. What I mean is there is nothing really for the girl to chase you or keep calling you again and again. When you seem overenthusiastic in responding to her she may also get the feeling that you are desperate. You should therefore attempt to leave her wanting for more rather than readily giving in to her ways.

If you search on the internet you will come across numerous posts on how to make a girl chase you. When I did a search myself, I came across an relationship guide- Girl friend on demand pdf ebook. This is a relationship guide which teaches men basic tricks to improve their love lives and shows how to make a girl get attracted to them at a primal level. This Girlfriend on Demand program is available for immediate download online and targets hardwired biology and psychology which is applicable to women in general.

The testimonials on the official Girl friend on Demand ebook website indicate that this program works and has already helped thousands of men worldwide get the girl of their dreams. 
Personally I was impressed with this system because it specifically teaches men how to make a woman sexually select them over others. When this happens a girl’s brain will actually create “excuses” as to why she likes a particular man so much irrespective of age, looks or other physical features. 



Thursday, 19 June 2014

5 Great Tips to Lower Blood Glucose Level Naturally


Today the number of people suffering from diabetes is on the rise. Sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise and unhealthy eating habits are some of the factors which have contributed to more and more people developing diabetes. In case you have been diagnosed with diabetes, you must consider making use of methods to lower blood glucose level naturally. These methods will give help regularize your blood sugar naturally and not cause any adverse side effects.

Here in this article I am going to share some simple things anyone can do to lower blood glucose level naturally. Your body will respond to these depending upon how consistent and regular you are in following these tips.


1.     Diet

Reduce your intake of carbohydrates or switch over to low carbohydrate foods so as to bring your blood sugar levels in control. Good examples of low carbohydrate foods include soy milk, barley, and kippered herring.




Include plenty of fiber rich foods in your daily intake. Ideally you should include at least one or two servings of fresh fruits or vegetables with each of you meals.

2.     Flax seeds

 Research has indicated that flax seed which is rich in magnesium, Omega 3 fatty acids and lignans is very useful to lower down blood sugar level naturally. Include this brown seed in your diet by adding it to salads or soups. The best way to have flax seeds it is to grind it coarsely and sprinkle it on salads, porridge etc. Alternatively you can consume flax seed oil also. Remember however that nutritive property of flax seeds will not be absorbed by our bodies if it is consumed as it is in full form.

3.     Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a spice which has the ability to reduce the level of bad cholesterol in our body and control blood glucose levels too. All that you need to do is to add a pinch of cinnamon powder in your diet every day.

4.     Exercise

Sedentary lifestyle worsens diabetes. Hence people suffering from this condition must remain active and exercise daily. Brisk walking or any such form of exercise for 45 minutes every day is essential for keeping a check on blood sugar levels.

5.     Lose weight

In case you happen to be overweight you must make efforts to lose excess body fat if you are seriously looking to lower blood sugar level naturally.
Once you have diabetes you have to learn to live with it for life. You cannot get rid of diabetes permanently. What you can do is to adopt a healthy lifestyle, eat sensibly and exercise regularly to maintain or lower your blood sugar levels. It is equally important to have meals at regular times and take adequate rest to avoid spike in blood sugar levels.

If left untreated for long diabetes can starve the organs which need the glucose and harm the organs which receive excessive blood sugar. It can cause irreparable damage to nerves, kidneys, eyes, and blood vessels.

People suffering from diabetes who seek professional help from diabatologists, dieticians and nutritionists have better chances to lower blood sugar level and ensure that balanced levels of sugar, and avoid the complications of the disease. There is plenty of help available online too these days. To watch a free video on how to lower blood glucose level naturally please click here.


Tuesday, 29 April 2014

Dry Brushing for Cellulite- Is it Really One of the Effective Home Remedies for Cellulite Removal?


In addition to the urinary tract and colon, skin is another organ through which our body expels waste. Dry skin brushing helps to exfoliate the dead skin, and any other toxin which the body expels through the skin.



Dry skin brushing is one of the good old home remedies for cellulite which is quite popular and effective if done correctly. Since dry brushing helps eliminate toxins, skin experts claim that it is effective in smoothing out cellulite accumulated in the body. So ladies for those of you keen to know how to make use of dry brushing for cellulite here is how to go about it.

Dry Skin  Brushing for cellulite how does it work?





  • Dry skin brushing exfoliates and stimulates the skin. It also stimulates our lymph, circulatory and nervous system thereby resulting in better skin texture and improved cell renewal
  • Improved lymph circulation which helps in detoxifying the whole body
  • Perks up the blood circulation which in-turn tightens the skin and reduces the appearance of cellulite
  • Improves the muscle tone, gets rid of fat deposits and cures cellulite particularly if brushing is done in the initial stages upon noticing the first visible signs of cellulite

Skin brush


Skin brush is easily available in most health food stores, bath or body shop. Skin brush is a softer version of a horse brush. 

Ensure that the bristles of the brush should not be made of synthetic material. If possible go for a brush which is organic (ie) vegetable-derived one so that it does not harm your skin in any way. 



The brush bristles should be a little stiff in texture. Make sure that the brush has an attachable handle which will make it easy for you to reach all spots in your body both in the front and back.

How To Dry Brush Your Skin


Start by brushing gently/ firmly the soles of your feet. When you make gentle, firm strokes with the brush, the skin should get stimulated without turning red. Move up and ensure that you always brush towards your heart. Make long sweeps with the brush and scrub in circular motion. Do not brush back and forth as this may cause minor rashes if you rub too hard. Brush your soles, feet, legs on both sides, arms, chest and stomach. Use the brush in circular motion – counter clockwise direction in the stomach and lower abdomen area. Avoid brushing the breast and other sensitive body parts. 

When To Skin Brush


If you are serious about dry skin brushing for cellulite removal you should do it daily preferably twice a day. Before you brush make sure that your skin is dry. Hence it would be best to brush your skin in the shower just before you turn on the water or before you start working out in the gym.

Dry brushing for cellulite when used in combination with other natural home remedies for cellulite can actually get you the body tone that you always craved for naturally.

To check out a free presentation on tips to get rid of cellulite fast CLICK HERE


Cellulite Factor Review – Does Dr Charles D.C ‘s Program Work?

Cellulite factor is a new comprehensive guide on how to reduce cellulite by Dr Chalres D C
In this guide you will learn about a “different and unique” plan to reduce visible cellulite. This program which does not involve the use of surgery, needles, or any other painful procedures is an ancient one which was discovered in East Africa and Arabia over 1000 years ago.




The Cellulite Factor guide helps you to 

a) reduce the visible signs of cellulite

b) make use of a healthy lifestyle plan with a view to lose unwanted belly fat.

c) adopt a healthy lifestyle 

d) make fitness training and healthy eating a part of your daily routine 

What’s Unique About Cellulite factor?


At the outset let me assure you that Dr Charles D C Cellulite Factor program does not advocate the use of pills or supplements to lose cellulite.

The system begins with measuring your basic statistics (ie) body weight and fat percentage. At the start of the program you are required to take a photo and check your clothing size with a view to track your cellulite loss progress. As you implement the principles contained in the Cellulite Factor plan you will realize that your clothes get looser.

Dr Charles D C Cellulite Factor program emphasizes on the need to eat healthy and follow a fitness regime to reach the cellulite loss goals.

Once you introduce and make natural foods a part of your daily intake the guide recommends some basic exercises to be practiced to get rid of cellulite. The Cellulite factor guide explains the relationship between fat burning and muscle building- how muscle tissue burns more calories than fat tissue. This program recommends “burst training”, which is alternating between low intensity and high intensity intervals aimed to reduce the time required for doing the workouts.

5 Steps involved in Dr Charles D C’s Cellulite Elimination Program


Step 1: Detoxification

Step 2: Eating Right for Getting Rid of Cellulite

Step 3: Anti-Cellulite Supplements

Step 4: The Coffee Grind Wrap Method.

Step 5: The Lymph Drink

What Are Some Of Pros Of This Program?

-       100% Natural Cellulite loss program

Dr Charles does not recommend use of injections, surgery, body wraps or herbal creams in this program. Rather the focus is on the internal human body system specifically the lymph system.

-       Scientific explanation provided for facts and suggestions 

Facts/ suggestions contained in Cellulite Factor e book are backed up research and clearly explained in simple terms for easy comprehension. 

      - Multiple techniques on how to fight cellulite naturally

Instead of focusing on a sole technique for reducing cellulite like diet control or physical exercise this program recommends a number of anti cellulite techniques

-       Extremely high success rate

This is one of the few cellulite loss products which have a high success rate. Going by the customer testimonials it is apparent that majority of users who have signed up for the Dr Charles D Cs Cellulite Factor program have benefitted from it immensely.



What are the Cons of Cellulite Factor?

Just like every product and book I have reviewed, I have noticed a few flaws in this program which are listed below:

-       This is not a “quick fix overnight” solution- being a natural cellulite treatment program this will require you to be patient. You will be able to see the first results of this plan only after approx. 2 weeks of use. 

-       In my opinion the Cellulite Factor guide does not contain sufficient information on physical exercises and how it can impact cellulite. This is so because overweight people will need to lose weight so as to get rid of cellulite.


Will Cellulite Factor Program Work For You?

Is Cellulite Factor a scam - certainly not. This is a comprehensive guide that provides some basic, no nonsense kind of tips on how to fight cellulite naturally and look & feel great.  

This program clearly highlights the single most important factor responsible for cellulite in most of us- Toxins. It guides you on how to detoxify your body naturally with a view to get rid of cellulite and feel good inside out. 



The author of this program Dr Charles Livingston is a board certified physician, certified wellness practitioner and a well known weight loss dietician. 

To conclude if you are seriously looking out for ways to eliminate cellulite without conventional medications or surgery I feel should definitely grab a copy of Dr Charles’s Cellulite Factor guide and give it a try!

>>>Click here to buy Dr Charles D C Cellulite Factor and check out a free presentation on how to get rid of cellulite fast  <<<




Monday, 28 April 2014

Carol Fosters Ovarian Cyst Miracle- Does it Work

There’s good news for women who are finding it difficult to get rid of cyst in ovaries. Carol Foster, a former sufferer of PCOS has come up with Ovarian Cyst Miracle Guide. It is a clinically proven holistic PCOS natural treatment plan for quickly and permanently reversing ovarian cysts and pcos naturally, safely.

Carol claims that her guide provides a simple 3 step treatment plan that can help you to get rid of ovarian cysts permanently without the making use of any harsh medicines or drugs which often cause harmful side effects. 

According to Carol, it is possible to get rid of ovarian cyst pain in matter of days by following her system. These are tall claims and that’s why I decided to do a detailed review of her book and share my unbiased findings. 

What’s Unique About Ovarian Cyst Miracle?




One of the most important factors that differentiate Carol’s program for Ovarian Cyst Cure from others is the fact that this holistic treatment plan is completely natural. It makes use of natural remedies, diet alterations and lifestyle changes as part of the overall PCOS natural treatment plan. 

The thing about natural remedies is that these are best suited for the human body and are unlikely to cause any harm to a sensitive body parts like the ovaries. 

It seems conventional medications commonly prescribed by doctors like birth control pills to regulate hormones in the body ( which is known to be one of primary causes of PCOS) only provide temporary relief from pain, irregular periods, severe bloating and painful sex caused due to this condition. And that is the reason for women suffering from PCOS repeatedly. 
According to Carol her book provides a 3 step process that helps in correcting the root cause of the ovarian cysts rather than just the symptoms of PCOS.  

What Will You Learn From this Book? 


  • How to get rid of your ovarian cysts naturally within 2 months and prevent its recurrence with the help of natural remedies for PCOS
  • How to get rid of ovarian cysts pain, bloating and discomfort in less than 12 hours
  • Ways in which you can boost your fertility and gain clockwork periods
  • How to get rid of PCOS symptoms permanently
  • How to regain your natural inner balance and improve the quality of your life dramatically



The Pros Of Ovarian Cyst Miracle Program


1. 100% PCOS Natural Treatment

Aimed at eliminating the root cause of ovarian cyst this is a completely natural treatment program which does not make use of any drugs or conventional medicines.

2. Customization 

An excellent unique feature of this product is that it contains clear cut guidelines which enable women to customize the treatment strategy and methods based on their symptoms and needs.
Ovarian cyst miracle cleverly enables its users to understand and identify subtle factors within the body, lifestyle and environment which may require to be attended to obtain complete freedom from cysts in the ovaries

3. 60 Days Money Back Guarantee

Carol Foster's Ovarian Cyst Miracle comes with a 60 days money back guarantee. So, if you are not satisfied with it you can always claim a refund of your money.  


The Cons


1. Can Be A Bit Overwhelming
With over 150 pages of reading material Ovarian Cyst Miracle book contains a whole lot of information which can intimidate people initially. 

2. Requires Dedicated Personal Effort
Carol Foster's program is not a "quick fix " formula which will provide instant results. It will require total commitment on the part of the users to make a success of it. Lifestyle alterations and dietary adjustments will be required for ensuring total freedom from ovarian cysts naturally.

Conclusions 

Women who are having a tough time getting rid of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PCOS should definitely try out the Ovarian Cyst Miracle program. This book has already helped thousands of women of all ages, in 127 countries get rid of PCOS and there’s definitely a good chance that you may find success with this program too.


Sunday, 27 April 2014

Ovarian Cyst Natural Treatment- 5 Simple Tips for Treating Cyst in Ovaries

You will be surprised to know that quite often women suffering from PCOS don't even realize that they have ovarian cysts. This is because at times cysts do not cause any major symptoms and go away on their own. However there are cases where ovarian cysts can cause symptoms like pressure, swelling, anxiety, pain, infertility, and abdominal bloating to name a few. 

The good news is that this condition responds well to natural treatment. Here in this article I am going to share information on some of the basic ovarian cyst natural treatment methods which anyone can easily adopt as a part of their lifestyle. 

To begin with let us first understand a little more about ovarian cysts and conventional treatment for cyst in ovaries.

What are ovarian cysts?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs commonly found on the ovaries (female reproductive organs which produce eggs and female hormones) .Normally the sacs dissolve on their own. When this does not happen ovarian cysts develop. 

Wait and See approach proposed by doctors

Many health care providers recommend the 'wait and see' approach for ovarian cysts. This approach is valid provided the cysts go away naturally within a reasonable period of time without any formal treatment. However if there is no improvement and the cysts persist, synthetic hormones like birth control pills are prescribed as part of conventional medical treatment for ovarian cysts. Birth control pill will prevent ovulation. Hence if there is no ovulation the chances of new ovarian cysts developing are unlikely.
           
Before getting into some of the natural DIY remedies for ovarian cyst relief let us briefly understand some of the factors which are known to trigger the growth of ovarian cysts.


Factors that promote the growth of ovarian cysts

Some factors which are known to contribute to growth of cyst in ovary include
hormonal imbalance,
mental stress, and
genetic factors.


Here is how to get started with ovarian cyst natural treatment


Tip # 1 

Research has indicated that herbal cures are quite effective for ovarian cyst natural treatment. Herbs like black cohosh, vitex, and wild yam help to restore hormonal balance in the body. Herbs like red clover and dandelion are blood cleansers and extremely useful to get rid of unwanted toxins from our body. 




Tip # 2

               

In case you are serious about making a success of your natural treatment for ovarian cyst, drink plenty of water and herbal teas. This may sound simple but can benefit women suffering from cysts in ovaries immensely. When you drink plenty of water and herbal teas your body will be able to naturally flush out all the harmful toxins in the body.
             

Tips # 3


Scientific studies have indicated that women who eat meat and cheese are more susceptible to develop ovarian cysts. Also consumption of high levels of animal proteins can worsen symptoms of already existing ovarian cysts. Hence it is best to avoid this form of protein all together. If you must have animal proteins make sure that it is of the organic variety. 

Eat 3-4 servings of fresh, raw fruits and vegetables everyday which will add to the much needed fiber content in your diet.

Include essential fatty acids in your daily intake which helps in regulating hormone levels in the body and will also make losing weight with PCOS actually possible!
                 
Fish is the best source of essential fatty acids particularly, cold-water fish like:
Salmon
Herring
Mackerel


Some of the vegetarian sources of essential fatty acids are:
Walnuts
Flax seeds
Almonds
Dark green leafy vegetables like spinach and broccoli



                

Tips # 4






Practice relaxation exercises like Yoga. This will be extremely useful for stress relief. If you body and mind is relaxed harmful toxins capable of causing ailments will get expelled naturally from your body.
Yoga for pcos cure works not just at the physical level of the body but also at mental level. It is very effective in getting rid of stress stored in the body which in-turn alleviates PCOS symptoms. By practicing yoga you will feel physically stronger and more flexible than ever. You will learn to ease stress, manage losing weight with pcos and improve hormonal balance in your body.

Some of the holding weight-bearing yoga poses help the body build muscles.  More muscle mass In turn helps to manage insulin resistance which is one of the crucial aspects of PCOS management.

Here are some yoga poses for pcos cure

1. Butterfly Pose is very useful for women suffering from PCOS. However care must be taken to ensure that there is not too much of flapping legs- instead maintaining this posture for longer time can benefit women with PCOS immensely.
2. Supta Badhkonasana or reclining butterfly pose is a relaxing version of the
butterfly pose which is particularly useful for women new to yoga.
3. Chakki Chalanasana or moving the grinding wheel massages the liver, kidneys, pancreas, uterus and the reproductive organs. It helps in toning the uterine muscles and hence is particularly useful in preventing painful menstrual cycles if practiced regularly.


Tip # 5


Lastly ensure to keep your body warm by wearing appropriate clothes to cover your legs and abdomen during cold season. Keeping the ovaries warm helps them to maintain a good level of health.

For PCOS treatment natural remedies aimed at correcting hormonal imbalance in the body and maintaining insulin at the desired levels are really effective. With the help of simple diet and lifestyle changes PCOS symptoms can be handled better.
Use the above dietary information to get started with PCOS natural treatment right away …
Now, would you be interested in joining thousands of women worldwide and discover how they have managed to relieve PCOS ovarian cyst pain within 3 days and eliminate cysts completely within 8 short weeks, all without ever using risky drugs or resorting to surgery? 



This ultimate solution to get rid of ovarian cysts once and for all will just take few hours to implement. This solution is called Ovarian Cyst Miracle.



You can get immediate access to Ovarian Cyst Miracle and get rid of ovarian cyst pain, bloating and discomfort in just 12 hours from now!








It's really that simple.

To your success,
Melanie Paul

Friday, 18 April 2014

Why Yoga for Pcos – Simple Yoga Asanas for PCOS Treatment Naturally

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition which affects how your ovaries function. Normally in a healthy woman during each menstrual cycle around 4-5 follicles mature.  At the time of ovulation at least one of the follicles releases a matured egg.  In case of women with a polycystic ovary, the ovary starts maturing almost double the number of follicles as in a normal woman. Most of these follicles just get bigger in size and ripen but fail to release an egg. 

Statistically approximately 25-30% of women worldwide have polycystic ovaries.  Of these some women develop polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which means they have other symptoms in addition to polycystic ovaries. 

PCOS Awareness


PCOS awareness is essential for all women in falling in the reproductive age category. This is because incidence of PCOS quite common during child bearing years of a woman and this condition is capable of impacting fertility and the ability of women to bear children naturally. At a very basic level women suffering from this condition should understand what causes this hormonal disorder and also some of the common PCOS symptoms.

Here is a simple PCOS symptoms checklist (random order not in any order of importance)

  • Facial hair
  • Ovarian cysts
  • Absent or highly irregular menstrual cycles
  • Weight gain, particularly around the middle
  • Infertility and miscarriage
  • Acne
  • Blood sugar imbalances/Insulin issues
  • Ann-ovulation (lack of ovulation, regardless of whether you are having a “cycle” or not)


Some of the known causes of polycystic ovaries include:

  • Infertility treatment with gonadotropins which often cause multiple large cysts.
  • Research has indicated that use Clomiphene (Serophene, Clomid) can significantly increase the chance of a woman developing Corpus Luteum cysts.
  •  Use of Tamoxifen for breast cancer can trigger the growth of cysts
  •  Early onset of menstruation (11 years or before)
  •  Increased Upper Body fat
  •  Irregular menstrual cycles
  •  Smoking
  •  Hormonal imbalance because of any other ailment that a woman may be suffering from

 Yoga and PCOS


Yoga and many other alternate therapies for PCOS natural treatment is gaining popularity these days for treating a number of women’s health disorders. This is because alternative cures have shown to be really effective in treating women suffering from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and many other reproductive problems which cause infertility.

Why Yoga for PCOS?


Yoga for pcos cure works not just at the physical level of the body but also at mental level. It is very effective in getting rid of stress stored in the body which in-turn alleviates PCOS symptoms. By practicing yoga you will feel physically stronger and more flexible than ever. You will learn to ease stress, manage losing weight with pcos and improve hormonal balance in your body.
Some of the holding weight-bearing yoga poses help the body build muscles.  More muscle mass In turn helps to manage insulin resistance which is one of the crucial aspects of PCOS management.

 Here are some yoga poses for pcos cure

 1. Butterfly Pose is very useful for women suffering from PCOS. However care must be taken to ensure that there is not too much of flapping legs- instead maintaining this posture for longer time can benefit women with PCOS immensely.
2. Supta Badhkonasana or reclining butterfly pose is a relaxing version of the butterfly pose which is particularly useful for women new to yoga.
 3. Chakki Chalanasana or moving the grinding wheel massages the liver, kidneys, pancreas, uterus and the reproductive organs. It helps in toning the uterine muscles and hence is particularly useful in preventing painful menstrual cycles if practiced regularly. 
4. Shavasana or the corpse pose is a relaxation posture which is recommended for release of stress from the body.
Yoga poses for pcos can improve your general health and eliminate stress responsible for destroying sex hormones in our body. When we practice yoga pcos symptoms gradually reduce in severity over a period of time.
PCOS natural treatment is a lot about practicing self-discipline and being more patient. Diet and exercise have a crucial role to play in natural treatment of conditions like PCOS. When combined with healthy eating, Yoga asanas for pcos can work wonders to treat pcos naturally.

Natural remedies for PCOS aimed at correcting hormonal imbalance in the body and maintaining insulin at the desired levels can go a long way to manage the issue better. With the help of simple diet and lifestyle changes like practicing yoga regularly, PCOS symptoms can be handled better.
Use the above information to get started with yoga for PCOS treatment right away
However, if you are looking for the ultimate solution to get rid of ovarian cysts once and for all and a treatment plan that has already helped thousands of women world-wide get rid of this pcos naturally then you need to take some extra steps.
The ultimate PCOS natural treatment plan will just take few hours to implement. This solution is called Ovarian Cyst Miracle
You can get immediate access to Ovarian Cyst Miracle and get rid of ovarian cyst pain, bloating and discomfort in just 12 hours from now!
It's really that simple. 
To your success,
Melanie Paul